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Urban Myth Funsize Crime Edition puts the record straight on criminal urban myths! The challenge of Urban Myth is to differentiate between fact and modern folklore - between what you thought you knew and what you have heard as gospel truth from a trusted friend. Vote on urban crime myths to win cards and be the first player to complete a crime scene picture puzzle, using your card backs to win. Earn more than money, fame or power earn RESPECT! Step into Urban Crime, into the 1st full-3D crime simulation for free on iOS and become a true gangster. Download and play 5 missions every day for FREE or buy energy boosts to play anytime you want!

Ryan Wiseman

February 2014

updated March 2020

This article will discuss the definitions of crime, the major crimes committed within America’s cities, why people commit crimes, root causes, government policies that have decreased and increase crime rates, and some possible solutions to lower our crime rates.

When it comes to our cities, our urban centers here in North America, crime is as much of a problem as it is elsewhere, although our crime rates seem to be higher than is found in other westernized nations, such as Western European nations and Japan . There are always reasons for crime, these reasons can change over time, and the punishments for these crimes can also change. As urban centers learn the reasons behind different crimes, their governments purposely try to develop the means to combat them. And, as these governments try to establish laws, policies, and social programs to combat crime and its causes, it also tends to trigger controversy, as people and organizations disagree with the policies, politics, and monetary appropriations directed towards social programs meant to combat those crimes.

So, what are some of the bigger crimes at issue in our urban centers? What are the reasons behind criminal activity, and how have these reasons changed over time? What are the historical trends in crime in North America? How do we punish those who commit crimes? These questions will be answered shortly.

So, what is crime? Crime is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as “an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law; especially : a gross violation of law” . A legal definition of crime would be: “a violation of a law in which there is injury to the public or a member of the public and a term in jail or prison, and/or a fine as possible penalties. Innotoria tower defense 12. There is some sentiment for excluding from the 'crime' category crimes without victims, such as consensual acts, or violations in which only the perpetrator is hurt or is involved in something such as the personal use of illegal drugs.”

Major Crimes and Their Statistics

So, what are the biggest violent crimes in America’s urban areas today? What are the crimes of which Americans need to be the most cautious? They include murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, aggravated assault, rape, drug possession or selling, robbery (which includes burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft, and will be explained later), and arson.

So, how much crime occurs in America, particularly America’s largest metropolitan areas, which would include your own metropolitan area of choice? According to the FBI records, 1,246,248 violent crimes were committed in the year 2010, down 6% from the previous year, and 13.4% lower than 2001 levels. This is 403.6 violent crimes per 100,000 people in the United States that year. Of those violent crimes committed in 2010, 62.5% of them, or almost 2/3 of them, were aggravated assault. Further breakdown showed that 29.5% of those crimes, or almost 1/3 of them, were robbery; forcible rape was only 6.8% of that total, and murder accounted for only an estimated 1.2% of that amount. FBI statistics also show the prevalence of firearms in the use of committing many of those crimes, as 67.5% of murders, more than 2/3 of the total, were done by a firearm, as was 41.4% of robberies, and 20.6% of aggravated assaults.

As for property crimes, there were an estimated 9,082,887 property crimes committed in America, coming to 2,942 property crimes per 100,000 people, a 3.3% drop from the previous year, and a 19.6% drop since 2001. Larceny-theft (theft outside of the home) accounted for 68.1% of all property crimes in 2010, which is almost 2/3 of all property crimes. Burglary (inside the home) accounted for 23.8% of that rate, and motor vehicle theft accounted for only 8.1% of that rate. If the losses that property-owners incurred over the course of 2010 were added up, it would come to $15.7 billion.

When we look at a breakdown of crime by urbanization, we can look at the FBI data to see a comparison between metropolitan counties versus nonmetropolitan counties, that is, between an urbanized setting and a rural setting . Just by looking at the crime rates, per 100,000 people, we can tell that there is a higher crime rate in urbanized settings versus rural settings. There are 329 crimes per 100,000 people in metropolitan counties with populations of 100,000 and above, whereas there were only 197 crimes per 100,000 people in nonmetropolitan counties with populations over 25,000 people. Although the statistics usually show higher crime rates in urban areas as opposed to rural areas, we find that the opposite is sometimes true – a nonmetropolitan county with a population under 10,000 had a higher violent crime rate than a metropolitan county with a population between 25,000 and 100,000 (222 per 100,000 vs. 190 per 100,000 people). With further breakdown of statistics, you’ll discover that there is not very much difference in crime per 100,000 people when it comes to murder and nonnegligent manslaughter (between 2.5 and 4.1 per 100,000), forcible rape (usually around 20 per 100,000, except in metro counties below 25,000 and non-metro counties under 10,000, which are both over 30 per 100,000), and burglary (between 500-650 cases per 100,000). The other statistical breakdowns showed some difference between urban counties and nonurban counties, in the other five areas. The robbery rate was 86 per 100,000 for metropolitan counties over 100,000, whereas it was only 8 per 100,000 for nonmetropolitan counties under 10,000. Aggravated assault was 217 per 100,000 for metro counties over 100,000, as opposed to only 137 per 100,000 for non-metro counties between 10,000 and 25,000. Property crime as a whole, as well as larceny-theft and motor vehicle theft occurred in greater frequency per 100,000 people in metro counties versus non-metro counties.

Reasons Why People Commit Crimes

So, what are some of the main reasons for why people commit crimes? The answers are numerous, but they seem to fit into a few different general categories. They are:

  • Losing control of one’s emotions or physiology – There are many stories, very diverse from one another, all of which seem to derive from the lack of control of one’s emotions. Your girlfriend or wife wants to leave you, so you physically assault them, or even kill them in your rage. Someone is arguing with you over issues as mundane as a sporting event, and tempers fly out of control, and before you know it, a fight has broken out, and someone is left in the hospital, and someone is left dead. You don’t think you were treated right, or fairly, at your workplace, and so you decide to take matters into your own hands. Someone keeps harassing you, or bullying you, so you also take the matter into your own hands. Whatever the case may be, whether it leads to hatred, anger, impatience, revenge, ambition, pride, or other emotional states, losing control of one’s emotional state can lead to reactions that end in crime. You get extremely sexually aroused, and don’t have someone to take care of your needs, and instead of realizing that it might be better to take care of yourself, you force it on someone – you rape some woman rather than practicing self-control. Poor judgment may also be included in this category, because if you were better able to practice risk-benefit-consequence analysis, you might have better controlled your behavior.
  • Connections with drugs and alcohol – Perhaps the person is impaired because of too much alcohol, and ends up doing something that they wouldn’t have done without impaired judgment, which would have left them in a state to more clearly see consequences to their actions, and developed the mindset to fight the feeling or thought. We have, of course, heard many times the story of an abusive father and husband, who are in that state because of being an alcoholic. Or, there are the people who are addicted to hard street drugs, and don’t have any more money to pay for their next ounce of whatever it is they’re taking, so, in desperation, they rob someone at gunpoint, or rob a store, or attack someone for their money, or burglarize a house, in the hopes of getting that cash they need for that next hit, so as not to go through the pain of withdrawal. Then, of course, there are the street venders and the more powerful drug lords who, in order to maintain control of their territory, or gain control of someone else’s, decide to perform violent acts, such as murdering their competition, in order to keep their upper hand.
  • Bad influences – We find that many times a person, especially people who are habitual criminal offenders, commit crimes because that is all they know, from the environment that surrounds them, and/or because of the peer influence around them. Perhaps they’re from a bad neighborhood, and the only people they see getting ahead in life, or getting out of the misery of poverty and hopelessness, are the people who do some sort of illegal, or criminal activity. They learn the techniques for burglarizing a property, or stealing a motor vehicle, and get all the ‘encouragement’ they need to go into such endeavors from the people around them. There are also the young people that feel very threatened by their surroundings, or may have even been attacked or hurt before, maybe on many occasions, and feel they need some protection, and the only protection they seem to find is offered in street gangs, many of which go about committing a plentitude of crimes.
  • Wrong Moral Choices – A good number of the crimes committed by people who aren’t influenced by substance abuse or losing control of their emotions, particularly when it comes to property crimes like theft, larceny, and motor vehicle theft, do so, out of deliberately choosing to do that act, even though it is considered unethical and immoral. Making the wrong moral choices is closely linked to the bad influences mentioned above. In these cases, the person knows that they shouldn’t steal or perform other violent acts, but don’t care, and decide to do it anyways.
  • Mental Disorders – There is no telling how many crimes are done by people who have some kind of mental disorder, one which is difficult to control, even with proper medications or psychological treatments. We are often seeing stories in the news about people who commit violent acts because of a mental illness they have. Of course, there are different factors that confound the information, distort the numbers, don’t account for different things such as the effects of medications on those people, and substance abuse . Another study suggests that it is substance abuse, the abusing of alcohol and using of drugs that lead to much of the mental illness that we see today; this study showed that if we accounted for this substance abuse, the effects of mental illness on causing crime would be minimal.
  • Poverty and Homelessness – There are those that believe that there is a strong connection between poverty and homelessness, and the amount of crime in an area. This theory is known as strain theory, in that social strains on individuals, to achieve upward financial mobility, are causing those individuals to act out in ways that are illegal, since legal means to achieve that upward mobility are not available to them. It was this strain theory of crime that motivated the Great Society welfare programs to be developed, that eventually became policy under the presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1960’s. There seems to be some evidence to suggest that poverty is not a cause of crime, but is reflective of the kind of social behavior that also leads a person to want to commit crimes. In other words, criminal activity has more of a correlation to poverty and homelessness rather than being caused (causation) by it. More will be talked about this later.

Government Policies That Have Helped to Lower Crime Rates


There are several government policies, many of which are controversial, and a couple which are based on court decisions which are disputed, that have been the possible causes for why the crime rates have lowered over the course of the last two decades.

  • More Prisons: One of these reasons is the fact that in the last few decades we have built more prisons, incarcerated more criminal offenders, and leave them in prison longer. All of this adds up to the fact that in times past, criminals were more likely to be on the street, especially repeat offenders, committing criminal acts and hurting people, but that today those same people are more likely to be kept behind bars. This means less people out there in our cities committing crimes because they are, for the most part, locked up. This reduces the chances of crimes occurring. The number of people who were incarcerated reached an all-time high of 2.3 million by the end of 2007, when the numbers actually started to decline, possibly due to decreasing crime, so that by the end of 2010, the numbers were down to 1.6 million . The number of people in prisons has skyrocketed since the 1980’s, when many states greatly increased the length of prison sentences, helping to remove potential offenders, including repeat offenders, from the streets. In fact, we have twice as many people, per capita, behind bars than the USSR did in their heyday, and 7 times as many people per capita as China does.
  • More Police: We also find that there are now more police officers employed per capita than there were in the past, especially in the larger cities like Chicago and New York City, but also in medium-sized cities like Indianapolis and Kansas City. Right now, there are over 800,000 people working within law enforcement, with 79% being employed by local governments, 11% by state governments, and 10% by the federal government . In the past, it was always difficult to determine which came first – cities with more police officers have more crime; more crime happens in places with more police officers. Finally, someone noticed that as terror alert levels went from yellow (elevated) to orange (high) that the amount of police around the nation’s capital would increase, so they set out to measure the effects of the increased police patrolling on crime levels. Jonathan Klick and Alexander Tabarrok discovered that during the 15 ½ month testing period, the terror alert level rose and fell four times. What they discovered is that the increased police presence during the heightened alert levels actually saw a decrease in the crime rate on average about 6.6% a day, with a 15% daily drop in the Capitol district, a 15% drop in burglaries, and a whopping 40% drop in classic street crimes such as car theft. When putting these in useful numbers it is estimated that when taken nationally, every extra $1 spent to hire police means a $4 drop in the costs of crime, and that a 10% increase in the number of police would mean a 4% decrease in the amount of crime.
  • Theft Deterrent Technologies and Services: Another possible reason for lowered crime rates are that people who see themselves, and their property, as potential threats to thefts are more likely to protect themselves by home security systems, car theft deterrent systems, OnStar and equivalent services, and so forth. Increased amounts of police cameras can also be included in this category. All these theft deterrent technologies and services help to ward off potential thieves, thereby helping to reduce the amount of robbery and theft that takes place. Since 65% of all home burglaries happen to houses without any security system, it could be argued that you are only 1/3 as likely to get burglarized without that service. There seems to be no proof of whether a car alarm system really works, or whether thieves just ignore them.
  • Improved Crime Analyzing Techniques: We find that the crime rate in New York City is much lower than that found in Chicago, Illinois, with its homicide rate being about a third of Chicago’s. New York City, about two decades ago, started something that they call the CompStat system. This system calculates information from criminal data, does geographical-based data mapping and analysis, focuses more policing in areas that are hotspots, make police officers doing those beats go into extensive detail with the type of questioning they receive at their precinct, and use the suggestions offered by officers to improve their policing strategies in areas that are high-crime locations, which has helped to lower the amount of criminal activity that happens, while at the same time lowering the amount of incarcerations that have been happening. There is also something called hot-spot policing, where if a police officer stays in a place for, say fifteen minutes before moving on to another location in his beat, there will be decreased crime on that corner for the next fifteen minutes, than if he didn’t stay there as long as he did.
  • Allowing Concealed Weapons: Another interesting fact that will be found is that in the last few years court decisions have been made that now allow people in certain cities that had gun bans in effect to now allow for people to carry concealed weapons, allowing them more likelihood to protect themselves in bad situations. For example, a court decision (the Heller decision) in 2008 which overturned a gun ban in Washington, D.C. allowed for the murder rate for 2009 to plummet 2.5 times faster than the rest of the country, and 3 times faster than other cities of comparable population size . Another court ruling required Chicago to overturn a gun ban, allowing people to own concealed weapons – the year after this court ruling, there was a 14% drop in murders, when nationally the murder rate only dropped by 6%. In fact, when comparing the first six months of 2011 to the first six months of 2008, before the Heller ruling went into effect, there is a 34% drop. You also find that gun crimes fell more than non-gun crimes, 25% versus only 8%. The same is also true with gun-related assaults versus non-gun-related assaults, 37% drop versus only 12% drop. You will also find that there is some evidence to suggest that allowing trained law-abiding citizens to carry concealed firearms decreases the possibility of crime.
  • Shrinking Cocaine Use: Reduced consumption of cocaine is another argument for the decrease in crime. When one looks on a graph and sees the sharp increase in crime rates throughout the 1970’s, and then again in the late 1980’s, before the crime rates began to start falling in the 1990’s, one will notice that this trend, particularly the late 1980’s trend, paralleled the increased use, and then decreased use of crack cocaine, especially as a younger, newer generation of individuals saw the negative effects of that drug on older individuals, and wanted nothing to do with it. This decrease in crack cocaine use, and other addictive drugs, starting in the 1990’s, has helped to trigger less crime by those people who do things like stealing and murder, as part of their efforts to get more money to buy their next hit. Of course, it wasn’t just the users that were committing violent crimes, but gangs and drug trafficking networks, and their use of violence to protect their turf started to decrease as demand for their drugs started to decrease.
  • Abortion: Another argument, although one that is politically acceptable to those on the left, and isn’t accepted by many on the right, is that the increased availability of abortion has caused for a future decrease in crime because of the associated decrease in the amount of people who grew up unwanted and being raised by single mothers in crime-prone circumstances. This theory was argued by Steve Levitt, who is one of the co-authors of the best-selling book, Freakonomics. He states his case quite well. He claims in his paper, written with John Donohue, that crime started to fall roughly 18 years after the national legalization of abortion, at about the same time that unwanted children would have come of age and reached the time in their lives when they are most likely to commit crimes; that the crime rates started falling sooner in the five states that legalized abortion before the 1973 Roe vs. Wade decision; that the arrest rate in states with higher rates of abortion fell faster than states with lower levels of abortion; and that abortion legalization seems to account for at least 50% of the decrease in crime between 1991 and 1999, when the paper was written, as there was a theoretical 50% drop in the amount of unwanted children. Of course, we need to keep in mind that, even if this argument is true, determining whether abortion is morally acceptable is an entirely different matter.

Some Root Causes

We find that there are many root causes for why people have lack of control of their emotions or physiology, have poor judgment, have bad influences that outweigh the good influences, and so forth. From this standpoint, these root causes could arguably be considered to be only correlations, in that these statistical numbers correlate to criminal activity. But, it can be suggested that if we started to develop policies that influenced our culture so that people ended up in the category pertaining to less crime, we would start to see a change in the crime rates.

One conservative ‘think tank’ has studied the subject of crime thoroughly, and one of their report writers believes that the real root causes for much of our crime has to do with the breakdown of marriage, the family, and the community. In their report “The Real Root Causes of Violent Crime: The Breakdown of Marriage, Family, and Community,” Fagan lists several pieces of information about correlations between certain issues and the crime rate. Even though this report is already almost two decades old, it hits the nail on the head. Below are some of the statements this report makes concerning some of the correlations connected with criminal activity, including some occasional added commentary:

  • Children born illegitimately are more likely to commit violent crimes than those born legitimately.
  • There is a connection between lack of parental attachment and violent crime.
  • A rise in violent crime over the previous thirty years correlates to a rise in fatherlessness, and high-crime neighborhoods are characterized by single-parent households with no father. The role of fatherlessness in criminal activity will be discussed later.
  • Across the country, a 10% increase in fatherless homes correlates to a 17% increase in juvenile crime.
  • The type of aggression and hostility usually seen in adult criminals can be seen, or foreshadowed, in those same people earlier in their lives, such as by unusual aggressiveness seen as early as 5 or 6 years of age.
  • A neighborhood with a high-degree of religious practice is usually not a high-crime area, whereas a neighborhood whose dwellers have low levels of religious practice correlates to a higher level of crime. This may be because religion has traditionally been a strong influence on the moral behavior and aptitude of those who practice its tenets.
  • While looking into specific neighborhoods that are considered high-crime areas, 90% of children raised in a safe and stable home environment (proper parental supervision and lack of parental strife) avoid criminal activity, whereas only 10% of children raised in an unsafe and unstable home environment avoid criminal activity.
  • If a person who has been a habitual criminal matures to the point of maintaining a stable marriage, this parallels a gradual decrease in criminal activity by the same person.
  • Having both a mother’s strong affectionate attachment, and a father’s authority and involvement, in a child’s life seems to be the most important buffer against that child having a future life of crime. “At the extreme, and a more common situation in America's inner cities, the distant relationship between a mother and child can become an abusing and neglectful relationship. One article..suggests that 60% of all child abuse happens at the behest of a single mother, and much of the other 40% happens at the hands of her boyfriend or stepfather. Under such conditions the child is at risk of becoming a psychopath.”
  • Policymakers in Washington tend to look at crime in purely materialistic terms, seeing crime as caused by a lack of employment opportunities and a shortage in adequately funded social programs, when, in fact, they should be looking at moral failure, lack of practicing personal responsibility, and having family and community relationships based on love, respect, and attachment to each other and to a common code of conduct. Why? Because these things tend to heavily influence a person’s behavior and moral choices, including choices to follow peer pressure into criminal activity or substance abuse.
  • Between 1965 and 1995, welfare expenditures by the government continued to grow until by 1995 it was 8 times what it was in 1965, whereas the number of felonies per capita rose three-fold in the same time period, suggesting that this program, meant to reduce the environment that causes crime, has really been an all-out failure, and has actually lead to the type of environment that produces crime.
  • Poverty is not the chief cause of crime, as crime actually grew during periods of economic growth, including the periods 1905-33 and 1965-74, and actually decreased during periods of economic decline, including the Great Depression and the recession of 1982. During the 1960’s, as the economy was growing, and there were an ever-increasing amount of government jobs made available to inner-city dwellers, homicides rose 43%. In fact, just in the last few years, as this last recessionary period enveloped us, and seven million jobs were lost, it was estimated that crime would skyrocket, but it, instead, dropped to the lowest levels since the early 1960’s – in the first half of 2009 alone, the nationwide homicide rate dropped 10%, violent crimes dropped 4.4%, property crimes dropped over 6%, and car thefts were down 19%.
  • The welfare system was originally devised as a good thing that helped people in need, including single mothers, but when the system stipulates that, as a single mother, that you must stay unemployed, and not get married, especially to an employed male, to continue to receive welfare checks, the financial incentives to these single mothers hindered the creation of intact families and a proper work ethic. By creating unintended incentives that propagated the conditions that correlate with crime, the state was actually facilitating the long term rise in the rate of crime.

This information comes from a conservative think tank, which means that it tends to be ignored by people on the political left. The truth, though, is that they hit the nail on the head, and that family, stable home environment, and fatherhood have a lot to do with influencing future social behavior in the up-and-coming generation. A father that goes to work each day, knows how to treat his wife and children and other members of the community, stays out of trouble, and knows how to handle his finances well, has a very, very powerful influence on his children's, particularly his sons', behavior, than anything else in society. A good role model, right in the same house, who shows that he personally cares about the child's well-being, is so much more successful at developing a child's future behavior that it makes all government programs that try to influence a child's behavior look worthless in comparison.

Fatherlessness


According to one article in a French-Canadian journal, there are several correlations between fatherlessness and different societal problems, including many urban crime problems. Among the many social problems and criminal activity problems associated with fatherlessness are the following facts:

  • 60% of all child abuse is caused by mothers with sole custody of their children.
  • 85% of all behavioral disorders are found in children who lived in fatherless homes; they are 20 times more likely to have behavioral disorders.
  • 90% of all runaway children came from fatherless homes; they are 32 times more likely to run away.
  • 80% of all rapists, who acted out of displaced anger, came from fatherless homes.
  • 70% of juveniles in juvenile detention centers came from fatherless homes.
  • 85% of the youths sitting in prison came from fatherless homes.
  • Fatherless children are 5 times more likely to commit suicide.
  • Fatherless children are 14 times more likely to commit rape.
  • Fatherless children are 9 times more likely to drop out of high school.
  • Fatherless children are 10 times more likely to abuse chemical substances.
  • Fatherless children are 9 times more likely to end up in a mental institution.
  • Fatherless children are 20 times more likely to end up in prison.

Obviously, there would need to be some people performing social ills who come from homes with fathers present or you wouldn’t have the control factor for comparison, but you can hopefully still see the tremendous difference in behavior between those who have a father present in their lives and those that don’t.

Negative Effects of Government Policies

When it comes to some government policies, especially government welfare state safety net policies, we find that there is tremendous evidence that these programs, including some financial aid programs, housing, food stamps, AFDC, and so forth, when it comes to their policy rules, have not just failed at their intended purposes, but have, in fact, backfired, leading to social breakdown. It has lead to a rise in welfare dependency, poverty, illegitimate births, non-employment, violent crime, and possibly the abortion rates. But why do we continue to promote policies and government programs that end up having the opposite effect as their intended goals? You'll find that we have two problems on our hands. On the one hand, you have politicians continuing to push these programs, particularly ones who represent poorer inner-city constituencies, because they, unlike the traditional politician who took time out of his busy life, putting on hold his normal professional duties, or duties as a business owner, to contribute to his community, state, and nation through creating new legislation, before going back to his normal work, we, instead, have a more professionalized set of politicians, who see being a representative or senator as a life-long career, and know that creating these welfare programs helps to cause people to become more dependent on the government and the politicians that promote them, helping to create the environment that allows for their political career to stay safe. On the other hand, you end up with a constituency that, because they become dependent on these government programs, continue to vote back into office those same politicians that create these policies and programs – this constituency doesn't realize that they are ironically continuing to propagate the bad policies and programs that cause themselves to suffer, all by voting back into office those same politicians. President Roosevelt, when giving his State of the Union message to congress in 1935, when talking about the need to find actual work for able-bodied, but destitute, working people, gave a warning about the negative effects of dependence on government: “The lessons of history, confirmed by the evidence immediately before me, show conclusively that continued dependence upon relief induces a spiritual and moral disintegration fundamentally destructive to the national fiber. To dole out relief in this way is to administer a narcotic, a subtle destroyer of the human spirit. It is inimical to the dictates of sound policy. It is in violation of the traditions of America .”

Why this is an Inner-City Issue

We know, according to the statistics that were given earlier in this writing that more violent crime happens in urbanized areas than in rural areas. In fact, much of the crime done in urbanized areas happens in the inner core of that urbanized area, or the central city. Why does much of our crime happen in these central core areas? We know that these central core areas have the oldest, poorest and worst housing, which is that left behind as people, who have better financial foundations have built new homes, or purchased newer and better homes in the suburbs that surround that oldest core area of a city. This leaves these old houses either abandoned, or taken or rented out, by the poorest people among us. We also know that the poorest among us happen to be single parents, especially single mothers who got pregnant at an early age and decided to keep their children, which made it especially difficult for them to continue their education to get the skills needed to get that higher-paying job to better take care of themselves and their new family, because they now spend all their time just trying to make enough so that they and their children can survive. They end up taking the most affordable housing for their situation, which also happens to be the poorest and oldest housing.

This leaves us with many problematic situations. One problem is that you now have entire communities of children who are living in single-mother homes. Since the mothers are out working long hours for measly pay, the children end up being home for long hours without the kind of nurturing love children need from mothers. Since the mothers are single, these children also don’t get a father figure, whose involvement, authority, and real-life model serve as a means to show those children how to be a model adult, stay out of trouble, and heavily influence their behavior as they become a young adult. These children don’t get the family protection and care they need, so they look for it elsewhere, and tend to join gangs. They don’t get the acceptance and love and care they need at home by a mother who’s out working and a non-present father, so they tend to be more influenced by their peers, especially towards behaviors that are not good for society, including criminal mischief and drug and alcohol usage – which they would be much less likely to do if they knew they had a family to turn to if peers rejected them.

Since there are so many single parents who are poor and that gravitate toward this same housing, out of bare necessity, this makes for entire neighborhoods of people who don’t have the kind of family environment that diminishes the possibility of future criminality, but actually magnifies it. This causes for a rather poor environment, and a poor influence, in the upbringing of the next generation of adults. The poor community environment then magnifies the effects of a poor family environment, by putting all the negative influences and influencers together in one place, and thereby increasing the possibility of future criminality. Perhaps we can call this magnification effect a negative form of synergy?

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Those people that are married into a stable relationship also tend to be the same people with stronger financial foundations which lead them to seek housing in better neighborhoods which they can afford, neighborhoods full of families that are healthier, that have two adults in them, and have better relationships with their neighbors. Rural areas tend to have a different culture and social environment altogether than that found in even suburban areas, in that they tend to be more individualistic, hard-working, self-sufficient, and have a better understanding of the concept of loyalty and how better to have healthy relationships with spouses, other family members, friends, and others within their area community. There still is some crime in suburban areas, as well as in rural areas, but the rates in those locations are not nearly as high as that found in the inner-city, and even when there is criminal activity in those areas, it tends to come from people who grew up in the same negative family and, possibly, community environments as those bred from the inner-city.

Better Government Policy and Societal Solutions to Reduce Urban Crime

So, what are some policy solutions that we, as a society, can make to help decrease the crime rates that have infested the inner-city central core areas of our nation’s metropolitan areas? What are some policy solutions that we could make in our society to decrease our crime rates? Here are some solutions, based on what an understanding of the core causes of criminal activity.

  • Government should make proper education of the core causes of crime a priority. If school students can be taught about the information, such as that listed in the report that was used earlier in this writing, from an early age, then maybe they can start to make better decisions as they get older. This could lead to young women not seeking to get pregnant while still teenagers, and not married; it could lead to more responsible sexual expression, including more control; it could lead to young men realizing the importance in not being a deadbeat dad, but being involved in their children’s lives, while maintaining a healthy relationship, perhaps in marriage, with the mother of those children; it could lead to neighborhoods, particularly those poorer neighborhoods more prone to crime to seek to build neighborhood organizations that allow friendly relationships to form between groups of neighbors, who also seek to try to make sure people stay out of the ruts that cause these problems to begin with, and help those who are in some kind of rut to get out of it; it can motivate people to get more involved, somehow, on a religious level, to get the kind of loving moral support and teachings of a good moral foundation to themselves, and their next generation. These are just a few of the benefits of proper education; mixed with a good dose of exhortation, this knowledge could work wonders. And, it doesn’t just have to be school students that learn this information; it could be those in high-crime areas, those using state welfare support structures, those who commit crimes, and others, whose knowledge of this information could motivate them to change their behavior.
  • Government should hold hearings into all government social programs that deal with helping the poor, or try to stop criminal activity, and see if they really work. If a program actually has been shown to have the opposite effects as those stated within its intended purpose, that program should be done away with. This includes any welfare programs.
  • We can do a lot to try to improve the possibility of healthy family structures in our nation. For starters, it seems like television shows and movies portray traditional and healthy family structures in negative ways, and portray promiscuous irresponsible sexual behavior in an attractive light, which leads to higher levels of illegitimate births and single-parent families with dead-beat dads. This television and movie influence has done a lot to move our society in the wrong direction, a direction that leads to social chaos and high crime rates, which will, if not stopped, lead to the disintegration of our entire nation. What we see on television and in the movies could, if the producers wanted to, make a traditional and loving family and community environment look attractive, just as much so as they make the opposite look attractive, and motivate us to do likewise.
  • We could make helping the poor among us a more local matter, making the issue more personal, rather than a matter of a distant government state who uses cookie-cutter methods of help for everyone, and which can be seen as distant and impersonal. In fact, this help should come from the local level, and government sources of help should be a last resort for helping the poor.
  • For those people who are already adults, and have the type of emotional and discipline issues that can lead to themselves committing crimes, where changing family environment is often too late to help them, since they’re already grown up, we should put programs in place that help to improve their emotional state and their ability to be disciplined, and have control of their emotions. This could mean getting them the kind of counseling or therapy that allows them to see their emotional struggles, and how best to cope with them to keep them from surfacing, or exploding, causing crime to happen. This could mean getting those people into mentorship relationships, even though they’re adults, with people who have healthy emotional and social lives, who can give them the charity, kindness, care, encouragement, and exhortation they need to stay out of trouble.
  • For those adults who are struggling with drug addiction, and have a difficult time staying away from those narcotics, because of residual addictions, or whatever, create havens, away from everything, complete with housing, work, and other elements typically found in cities, but which are cut off from the outside world. Nothing would go in or out of the haven without security checking any items, and the borders of this community would be guarded against unwanted outside intrusion. It would not be a prison, but would allow the members of the haven community the same freedoms that they would have in the outside world, but would be free of the temptations that cause them to relapse back into their addiction, and back into the same criminal activities they used in desperation to get money they needed to get their next drug hit. It could be free of alcohol, as well, allowing people struggling to stay clear of their alcohol addictions to be free of that temptation also. The point of having a carefully guarded haven community like the one described is to allow these people to live the full and meaningful lives they really want to live, but without the temptations that destroy those possibilities. These communities could be positioned in remote places in the deserts of the American southwest, or placed on one of the thousands of islands in the Polynesian archipelago – making it difficult to run away.
  • When it comes to reducing the possibility of rape or incest, it is more difficult to find a solution. We could help people understand the importance of responsible sexual expression, and we could help people understand that they can provide their own relief rather than forcing someone else to provide it for them. Another solution, albeit a more extreme one, would be to castrate those people. Some people do not consider this as humane treatment of those criminals, but the fact is that by doing so, you might take away the type of sexual tensions and struggles that lead one to do something that is harmful to someone else, and gets them into trouble. Besides, if they aren’t thinking about sex anymore, they can focus their attentions on more useful and productive matters, and live a more meaningful life. These two facts are enough to make many people conclude that castration is, in fact, a humane solution to the problem. Besides, turning problem people into eunuchs is better than turning others into victims.
  • Teach young adults, particularly those in high school, how to properly manage their finances. Young people, these days, are properly taught the discipline in how to spend less than they make in income, how to watch their spending, how to practice self-control when it comes to impulse buying, how to stay out of debt, how to put away money in savings – especially for emergency purposes, and how to establish the kind of good credit score needed to get that future home or business loan.

Conclusion

As you can see, crime is a problem for urbanized areas, including murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, aggravated assault, rape, drug possession or selling, robbery, including burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft, and arson. We find that there are several general reasons for why people commit crimes, including losing emotional control, drug and alcohol influences, bad influences and moral choices, and perhaps mental disorders. We see that our crime rates continued to increase until the 1990’s, when several different tactics have helped to reduce the crime rate – including having more of our criminals behind bars and for a longer length of time, more police on the streets, improved anti-theft technologies and services, improved crime analyzing techniques, smarter behavior practices by would-be victims, more people carrying concealed handguns for protection, and possibly the legalization of abortion. We see that there is strong influence in someone developing regular criminal activity and lack of proper family and community structure, especially fatherlessness. We see that government policy and programs can have a positive or negative effect on the crime rate, and that our welfare program has had negative effects. You also saw the list of possible suggestions that we could take, as a nation, in our policies and our culture, to help decrease the type of environment that leads to criminal activity.

Be sure to look below for other similar articles that might also be of interest to you.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Please Note: If you think that a book listed below might be interesting, click on the title to find out more information about that book. If you think that a website link below might be an interesting read, click on the link and you will be taken to their website.

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